With many having received cash flow boost and JobKeeper payments, there can arise some unique issues where these amounts are received within a trust or company.

The cash flow boost and JobKeeper payment have been flowing to eligible businesses for some time now. These stimulus payments have differing tax treatments, which are:

• the cash flow boost is paid as a credit and is non-assessable non-exempt income, and also free from GST (because it does not represent consideration for a supply)
• the JobKeeper payment is paid directly into a recipient’s nominated bank account on completion of monthly reporting obligations. JobKeeper is assessable income, not subject to GST, and not included in activity statements.

Trust distributions

What constitutes trust income is determined by the trust deed or by the trustee where permitted under the trust deed.

It is a common misconception that the trust income available for distribution is equal to the taxable income of the trust. However, this will only be the case where the trust deed defines trust income to equal taxable income, or the trustee, where discretion permits, determines that to be the case.

Cashflow Boost

When considering payments received under the Cashflow Boost, if the trust deed or the trustee determine that non-assessable non-exempt income does not form part of trust income, the Cashflow Boost will not be distributable.

However, where such overt restrictions are not present, or where the trust deed or the trustee determine that non-assessable non-exempt income can be distributed, the Cashflow Boost may be available for distribution to the beneficiaries.

Where the Cashflow Boost is distributed to beneficiaries it will hold its character as non-assessable non-exempt income in the hands of the beneficiary.

JobKeeper

JobKeeper payments will form part of the taxable income of the trust and would be expected to also be trust income as may be defined by the trust deed or the trustee.

Where JobKeeper is received for eligible employees, the amount paid to the employees, and therefore the associated expense/deduction must be equal to or more than the amount JobKeeper payment. Therefore, no net trust or taxable income would arise.

However, JobKeeper amounts received for eligible business participants do not need to be paid to the eligible business participant, as the wage condition does not apply. Therefore, the amounts could be retained within the trust and form part of the trust income distributed at year end.

Franking credits

As the Cashflow Boost amounts are non-assessable non-exempt income, no tax arises on these amounts and it follows that no franking credits will be generated by these amounts. Whether the boost amounts can be paid out as a franked dividend by the recipient company will depend on the balance in the franking account of the company involved and the amount of its accumulated profits.

Company beneficiaries

A key plank of the JobKeeper payment is that a minimum of $1,500 per fortnight amount must be paid to employees (which is then reimbursed to the employer at month-end).

However, where the recipient of an amount is an eligible business participant, there is no requirement for the amount to be paid to that individual. Instead, it can be retained in the company or trust as the case may be. Where a trust does retain the amount, it will then form part of the trust law income to be distributed by the trust to any beneficiary at year-end (see earlier).

Where a trust receives JobKeeper payments and distributes these amounts to a company beneficiary, this can have consequences as to whether that beneficiary then qualifies as a base rate entity for the purposes of qualifying for the lower company tax rate. To recap, to qualify as a base rate entity, a company must not only have an aggregated turnover of less than $50 million, but no more than 80% of its assessable income can be base rate entity passive income. This income consists of the following:

1. corporate distributions and franking credits on these distributions
2. royalties and rent
3. interest income (though some exceptions apply)
4. gains on qualifying shares
5. net capital gains, and
6. an amount included in the assessable income of a partner in a partnership or beneficiary of a trust, to the extent that it is traceable (directly or indirectly) to an amount that is base rate entity income under categories (a) to (e).

Trust distributions received by corporate beneficiaries need to be dissected into their base rate entity component, and their non-base rate entity component. In this case of cash flow boost, it would not count as assessable income in any case and therefore would be disregarded for the purposes of the 80% test. On the other hand, JobKeeper is assessable income, but not passive income for the purposes of the 80% test.

Therefore, the JobKeeper component of trust distributions to a company will improve the chances of the company meeting the 80% test (because it will be assessable income, and not base rate entity passive income). It will therefore qualify the company as a base rate entity for the purposes of accessing the lower 27.5% corporate tax rate (decreasing to 26% from 2020-21).